Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages in three small unpolluted estuarine rivers and associated lagoons in Kouchibouguac National Park, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Authors

  • Amanda M. Bremner Natural Sciences Department, New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 1E5
  • D. A. Methven Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5
  • Kelly R. Munkittrick Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5
  • Katherine A. Frego Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1692

Keywords:

Estuary, fish, fishes, spatial and temporal gradients, beach seine, Fundulus heteroclitus, mummichog, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Kouchibouguac National Park, Black River, Kouchibouguac River, New Brunswick

Abstract

Estuaries have among the highest primary production rates of ocean waters and provide essential habitat for many organisms. Recognition of the need to conserve these critical habitats is coupled with the need for baseline data to allow assessment of ecosystem changes. This study compares natural variations in, and correlations between, the composition of fish assemblages and environmental factors at several sites over two years in three rivers emptying into estuaries in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Fish diversity and abundance were determined by beach seining and related to water temperature, salinity, substrate, and vegetation. From May to September 2000 (14 sites) and May to August 2001 (15 sites), 20 fish species were collected, seven of which accounted for 98% of the total catch. The dominant species, Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), represented 44% of the catch. Its abundance and that of the other dominant species — Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 16%, Blackspotted Stickleback (G. wheatlandi) 13%, Banded Killifish (F. diaphanus) 12%, Fourspine Stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) 7%, Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia) 4%, and Ninespine Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) 2% — differed significantly both spatially and temporally. Multidimensional scaling analysis showed a spatial gradient in abundance from upstream to lagoon sites and a temporal gradient from spring to fall. Upstream sites were low in salinity and had a higher organic content and a higher proportion of silt–clay in the sediment. Variation within fish populations was related to site and seasonal changes in environmental conditions and species’ tolerance of water temperature, salinity, vegetation coverage, and fine sediments.

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Published

2015-08-03

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Articles